Estimating the causal impact of sport or physical activity on health and well-being is an issue of great relevance in the sport and health literature. The increasing availability of individual level data has encouraged this interest. However, this analysis requires dealing with two types of simultaneity problem: (1) between exercise and response variables; and (2) across the different response variables. This note discusses how the previous literature has dealt with these two questions with particular attention paid to the use of seemingly aseptic econometric models proposed by some recent empirical papers. Regardless of the approach, identification necessarily requires the use of untestable hypotheses. We provide some recommendations based on analyzing the robustness of the estimation results to changes in the adopted identification assumptions.

估计体育或体育活动对健康和福祉的因果关系是体育与健康文献中极为相关的问题。个人级别数据可用性的提高鼓励了这种兴趣。但是，这种分析需要处理两种类型的同时性问题：（1）运动和反应变量之间；（2）跨越不同的响应变量。本文讨论了以前的文献如何处理这两个问题，并特别关注了一些最近的经验论文提出的看似无菌的计量经济学模型的使用。无论采用哪种方法，识别都必须使用无法检验的假设。我们在分析估计结果对采用的识别假设变化的鲁棒性的基础上，提供一些建议。