During music reading, performers create expectations of the upcoming music. When these expectations are violated due to changes in the notation, performers have to adjust their reading and adapt their motor responses to match this new information. In this study, we examine how selected background, outcome, and process measures reflect the successful handling of incongruences during music reading. Twenty-four performers were tasked with singing or playing versions of “Mary had a little lamb” in two different tonalities. Some versions contained a surprising element: a bar shifted down a tone. Selected outcome and process measures, such as performance accuracy and eye-movements during music reading (eye-time span, duration of first-pass fixations and pupil dilation), were analyzed. In sum, incongruence in music notation not only increased the number of performance mistakes, but incongruent melodies also led to micro-level changes in the reading processes. We propose that understanding the cognitive strategies for successful music reading requires going beyond the more traditional outcome measures and focus on the detailed analyses of the reading process itself.

在音乐阅读过程中，表演者会对即将到来的音乐产生期望。当由于符号的更改而违反这些期望时，演奏者必须调整其读数并调整其运动响应以匹配此新信息。在这项研究中，我们研究了选定的背景，结局和过程措施如何反映音乐阅读过程中对不一致的成功处理。24名表演者被要求以两种不同的音调演唱或演奏“玛丽有一只小羊羔”版本。一些版本包含一个令人惊讶的元素：一个音调降低了音调。分析了选定的结果和处理措施，例如音乐阅读过程中的演奏准确性和眼睛运动（眼睛时间跨度，初次注视持续时间和瞳孔散大）。总共，音乐符号的不一致不仅增加了演奏错误的数量，而且旋律的不一致也导致阅读过程的微观变化。我们建议理解成功的音乐阅读的认知策略需要超越更传统的结果指标，而应专注于对阅读过程本身的详细分析。