A sense of shared Muslim suffering seems to play a key role in uniting Muslims around the world. Therefore, in the current paper we hypothesized that the social psychological underpinnings of Islamist extremism would be similar for Muslims living in the West and Muslims living in countries with prolonged and ongoing exposure to Western-led military interventions. Across 4 studies among Muslims in Pakistan and Afghanistan (Ns = 425, 402, and 127) and Muslims living in 20 Western countries (N = 366), we examined a path model in which group-based anger mediated the link between Muslim identification, perceived injustice of Western military and foreign policy, and violent behaviour intentions. Our results indicate that regardless of whether Muslims live in places with prolonged and ongoing experience of Western military interventions or not, the social psychological factors predicting violent Islamist extremism appear to be similar. We discuss implications for future theory and research.

中文翻译：

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穆斯林身份在预测捍卫穆斯林的暴力行为意图中的作用

穆斯林共同受苦的感觉似乎在团结世界各地的穆斯林方面发挥着关键作用。因此，在目前的论文中，我们假设伊斯兰极端主义的社会心理基础对于生活在西方的穆斯林和生活在长期和持续暴露于西方领导的军事干预的国家的穆斯林来说是相似的。在巴基斯坦和阿富汗的穆斯林（Ns = 425、402 和 127）以及生活在 20 个西方国家的穆斯林（N = 366）中进行的 4 项研究中，我们研究了一个路径模型，其中基于群体的愤怒在穆斯林身份认同、西方军事和外交政策的不公正以及暴力行为意图。我们的结果表明，无论穆斯林是否生活在长期和持续经历西方军事干预的地方，预测暴力伊斯兰极端主义的社会心理因素似乎是相似的。我们讨论对未来理论和研究的影响。