One of the most consistent findings in the depression literature is that stressful life events predict the onset and course of depressive episodes. Cognitive and biological responses to life stressors have both been identified, albeit largely independently, as central to understanding the association between stress and depression. I maintain that the largest advances in the understanding of depression will come from examining the ways that cognitive and biological responses to stressors reciprocally influence one another and, in doing so, contribute to the onset and maintenance of depression. I summarize the cognitive and biological stress responses implicated in depression and then describe the reciprocal ways that they are associated with each other. Finally, I discuss the broader implications of taking this integrated approach and suggest directions and considerations for future research.

抑郁症文献中最一致的发现之一是压力性生活事件预示着抑郁发作的发生和过程。尽管很大程度上是独立的，但对生活压力源的认知和生物学反应均已被确定为理解压力与抑郁之间关系的核心。我坚持认为，对抑郁症的理解中最大的进步将来自于研究对压力源的认知和生物学反应相互影响的方式，从而促进抑郁症的发作和维持。我总结了与抑郁有关的认知和生物应激反应，然后描述了它们相互联系的相互方式。最后，