Previous research has found that children can engage in rectification of pre-existing inequality by allocating more resources to individuals and groups of disadvantaged status, but less research has investigated how children address the inequalities using resources of different values, especially when they are linked to group membership (i.e., in-group or out-group member) in the first-party (Study 1) and third-party contexts (Study 2). To address these issues, children aged 5–6 years and 7–8 years were assigned four distribution tasks in each study, in which they were asked to allocate resources of different values to disadvantaged or advantaged persons who were either in-group or out-group members and then, reason about their decisions. We found that children used resources of different values to rectify inequalities in the intergroup context overall. Specifically, younger children demonstrated group bias in their rectification of inequalities in both first- and third-party contexts whereas older children overcame group bias and were more concerned about inequality status during allocation. Thus, with age, children were better able to deal with the conflict between inequality status and group bias using resources of different values.

中文翻译：

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儿童利用不同价值资源纠正不平等的群体偏见

先前的研究发现，儿童可以通过向处于不利地位的个人和群体分配更多资源来纠正先前存在的不平等，但很少有研究调查儿童如何使用不同价值的资源解决不平等问题，尤其是当他们与群体相关联时第一方（研究 1）和第三方环境（研究 2）中的成员资格（即组内或组外成员）。为了解决这些问题，在每项研究中，5-6 岁和 7-8 岁的儿童被分配了四项分配任务，要求他们将不同价值的资源分配给处于群体内或外的弱势或优势人群。小组成员，然后对他们的决定进行推理。我们发现儿童使用不同价值观的资源来纠正整体群体间环境中的不平等。具体来说，年幼的孩子在第一方和第三方背景下纠正不平等时表现出群体偏见，而年龄较大的孩子克服了群体偏见，更关注分配过程中的不平等状况。因此，随着年龄的增长，儿童能够更好地利用不同价值观的资源来处理不平等地位和群体偏见之间的冲突。