This article frames whistleblowers as regulatory intermediaries who provide a response to the problem posed by the fragmentation of knowledge in a complex society and market economy. I identify two ways in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries: The first is by remedying informational asymmetries between the regulator and the target (instrumental approach). Both in the United States and in the European Union, whistleblowers are protected on the basis of the value of the disclosed information for the advancement of regulatory objectives. The second way in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries is by contributing to the development of “communities of compliance” and by enhancing the internal self-regulatory capacities of regulatory targets (reflexive approach). Creating internal channels of reporting and monitoring is perceived as a way to change the organizational culture of targets. Through the instrumentalism – reflexivity dipole, competing rationales and normative visions of regulatory intermediation become apparent: It could, on the one hand, facilitate state intervention and legal sanctions or, on the other hand, signal the aspiration to embed public and social values in private actors.

中文翻译：

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举报人作为监管中介：分散监管的工具性和反思性考虑

本文将举报人视为监管中介，他们对复杂社会和市场经济中知识碎片化带来的问题做出回应。我确定了举报人成为监管中介的两种方式：第一种是通过纠正监管者和目标之间的信息不对称（工具方法）。在美国和欧盟，举报人都根据所披露信息的价值受到保护，以促进监管目标的实现。举报人成为监管中介的第二种方式是促进“合规社区”的发展，并增强监管目标的内部自律能力（反思法）。创建内部报告和监控渠道被认为是改变目标组织文化的一种方式。通过工具主义——反身性偶极子，监管中介的竞争原理和规范愿景变得明显：一方面，它可以促进国家干预和法律制裁，另一方面，表明希望将公共和社会价值嵌入私人演员。