Minors fleeing violence in their countries of origin constitute a significant portion of asylum seekers in the United States. Medical and mental health professionals provide continuity care services and offer pro bono forensic evaluations for this population to document evidence of human rights abuses and torture. The present study included a retrospective, qualitative chart review of deidentified personal declarations and clinician medico–legal affidavits associated with 36 asylum seekers under 21 years of age. Data were analyzed through a modified consensual qualified research (CQR‐M) approach to identify patterns in these individuals’ reports of persecution and assess health outcomes. Among the cases studied, violence by organized criminal groups (47.2%), family‐based violence (44.4%), and gender‐based violence (44.4%) were the most commonly cited reasons minors sought asylum. Evaluators documented a wide range of psychological sequelae: 80.5% of minors presented with clinically significant symptoms associated with trauma‐ and stressor‐related disorders, depression, and/or anxiety at the time of their applications for asylum. Of note, almost three‐quarters of the minors reported current enrollment in school and two‐thirds reported factors related to adaptive functioning. Despite reported exposure to premigratory and migratory trauma, postmigratory stressors, and psychological sequelae related to their experiences of violence, these young asylum seekers exhibited signs of resilience and a range of health‐promoting strengths.

中文翻译：

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未成年人在美国寻求庇护的经历：修改后的共识定性研究分析

逃离原籍国暴力的未成年人构成了美国寻求庇护者的很大一部分。医疗和心理健康专业人员提供连续护理服务，并为这一人群提供无偿法医评估，以记录侵犯人权和酷刑的证据。本研究包括对与 36 名 21 岁以下寻求庇护者相关的未识别个人声明和临床医生医疗法律宣誓书的回顾性、定性图表审查。通过修改后的合意合格研究 (CQR-M) 方法分析数据，以识别这些人的迫害报告中的模式并评估健康结果。在所研究的案例中，有组织犯罪集团的暴力行为 (47.2%)、家庭暴力 (44.4%) 和性别暴力 (44. 4%) 是未成年人寻求庇护的最常见原因。评估人员记录了广泛的心理后遗症：80.5% 的未成年人在申请庇护时出现了与创伤和压力源相关的障碍、抑郁和/或焦虑相关的临床显着症状。值得注意的是，近四分之三的未成年人报告了当前的入学率，三分之二报告了与适应功能相关的因素。尽管据报道他们遭受过迁徙前和迁徙后的创伤、迁徙后的压力以及与暴力经历相关的心理后遗症，但这些年轻的寻求庇护者表现出韧性的迹象和一系列促进健康的力量。5% 的未成年人在申请庇护时出现了与创伤和压力源相关的障碍、抑郁和/或焦虑相关的临床显着症状。值得注意的是，近四分之三的未成年人报告了当前的入学率，三分之二报告了与适应功能相关的因素。尽管据报道他们遭受过迁徙前和迁徙后的创伤、迁徙后的压力以及与暴力经历相关的心理后遗症，但这些年轻的寻求庇护者表现出韧性的迹象和一系列促进健康的力量。5% 的未成年人在申请庇护时出现了与创伤和压力源相关的障碍、抑郁和/或焦虑相关的临床显着症状。值得注意的是，近四分之三的未成年人报告了当前的入学率，三分之二报告了与适应功能相关的因素。尽管据报道他们遭受过迁徙前和迁徙后的创伤、迁徙后的压力以及与暴力经历相关的心理后遗症，但这些年轻的寻求庇护者表现出韧性的迹象和一系列促进健康的力量。近四分之三的未成年人报告了当前的入学情况，三分之二报告了与适应功能相关的因素。尽管据报道他们遭受过迁徙前和迁徙后的创伤、迁徙后的压力以及与暴力经历相关的心理后遗症，但这些年轻的寻求庇护者表现出韧性的迹象和一系列促进健康的力量。近四分之三的未成年人报告了当前的入学情况，三分之二报告了与适应功能相关的因素。尽管据报道他们遭受过迁徙前和迁徙后的创伤、迁徙后的压力以及与暴力经历相关的心理后遗症，但这些年轻的寻求庇护者表现出韧性的迹象和一系列促进健康的力量。