Personality and psychopathology each reflect patterns of internal experience and outward behavior that differ between people and affect functioning. Drawing strict distinctions between the two concepts is not only difficult, but it may prove unnecessary for advancing an integrated model of psychological experiences associated with mental illness. We argue that developing such a model will be critical for improving treatment outcomes, and we discuss a practical path forward. Proponents of psychometric approaches to developing models of psychological experience focus on observable phenotypes and utilize statistical methods to describe patterns of covariation among a broad range of symptoms and dispositions. Advocates of biologically based approaches emphasize neuroscientific tools for identifying abnormalities in brain function that give rise to an individual's experience. There is substantial evidence that measures of personality and measures of symptoms capture nonoverlapping, clinically important information for understanding how and for whom treatments for mental illness work. In this article, we highlight the importance of combining psychometric and neurobiological approaches in order to understand which features of an individual those measures reflect, which aspects of neurobiology generate and maintain those features, how they relate to each other, and critically, how best to alter them to reduce distress and dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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人格和精神病理学：捍卫整合心理测量和生物学方法以推进综合模型的实用途径

人格和精神病理学都反映了人与人之间不同并影响功能的内部体验和外在行为模式。严格区分这两个概念不仅困难，而且对于推进与精神疾病相关的心理体验的综合模型可能证明是不必要的。我们认为，开发这样一个模型对于改善治疗结果至关重要，我们讨论了一条切实可行的前进道路。开发心理体验模型的心理测量方法的支持者专注于可观察的表型，并利用统计方法来描述广泛的症状和性格之间的协变模式。基于生物学的方法的倡导者强调神经科学工具，用于识别导致个体体验的大脑功能异常。有大量证据表明，人格测量和症状测量捕获了非重叠的临床重要信息，以了解精神疾病治疗的方式和对象。在本文中，我们强调了结合心理测量学和神经生物学方法的重要性，以便了解这些测量反映了个体的哪些特征，神经生物学的哪些方面产生和保持这些特征，它们如何相互关联，以及至关重要的是，如何最好地改变它们以减少痛苦和功能障碍。有大量证据表明，人格测量和症状测量捕获了非重叠的临床重要信息，以了解精神疾病治疗的方式和对象。在本文中，我们强调了结合心理测量学和神经生物学方法的重要性，以便了解这些测量反映了个体的哪些特征，神经生物学的哪些方面产生和保持这些特征，它们如何相互关联，以及至关重要的是，如何最好地改变它们以减少痛苦和功能障碍。有大量证据表明，人格测量和症状测量捕获了非重叠的临床重要信息，以了解精神疾病治疗的方式和对象。在本文中，我们强调了结合心理测量学和神经生物学方法的重要性，以便了解这些测量反映了个体的哪些特征，神经生物学的哪些方面产生和保持这些特征，它们如何相互关联，以及至关重要的是，如何最好地改变它们以减少痛苦和功能障碍。