The promises of crowdsourcing volunteered geographic information (VGI) for providing timely information about crises were recognized at least a decade ago. While cartographers and developers hone the accuracy of maps and data, social scientists critique these technologies through various theoretical lenses: in terms of knowledge politics of digital humanitarianism; as tools of neoliberal governance; and as examples of datification supporting automated or remote government. Amidst all these claims, it is time to return to the maps themselves, as empirical examples, considering the information they actually provide. This paper examines crowdsourced and collaborative maps from late 2013 following Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan in the Philippines. Various humanitarian, mapping, and media organizations produced maps in response to the typhoon. Close qualitative analysis of map content queries what these maps reveal about the disaster and whether the maps really produce the information that proponents claim. Analysis of data curated in each map reveals that much of the situational information being mapped is already available elsewhere and that few new ground truths have emerged through these projects. By demonstrating the limitations of the information mediated in these maps, the findings have practical and policy implications for disaster practitioners and digital volunteers intending to help disaster response.

中文翻译：

---

风暴中有任何传送门吗？菲律宾针对台风约兰达/海盐的协作地图和众包地图

至少在十年前，众包自愿提供地理信息（VGI）的承诺就可以及时提供有关危机的信息。在制图师和开发人员磨练地图和数据的准确性的同时，社会科学家通过各种理论角度对这些技术进行了批评：就数字人道主义的知识政治而言；作为新自由主义治理的工具；并举例说明支持自动化或远程政府的情况。在所有这些声明中，现在应该考虑实际提供的信息，作为经验示例返回到地图本身。本文研究了菲律宾台风约兰达/海燕（Yayan）/海燕（Haiyan）以来2013年后期的众包地图和协作地图。各种人道主义，制图和媒体组织为响应台风绘制了地图。对地图内容进行紧密的定性分析，可以查询这些地图揭示的灾难内容以及这些地图是否真正产生了支持者声称的信息。对每张地图中所收集数据的分析表明，正在映射的许多情境信息已经在其他地方获得，并且通过这些项目很少出现新的地面真理。通过展示这些地图中所传达信息的局限性，这些发现对于打算帮助灾难应对的灾难从业者和数字志愿者具有实际和政策意义。对每张地图中所收集数据的分析表明，正在映射的许多情境信息已经在其他地方获得，并且通过这些项目很少出现新的地面真理。通过展示这些地图中所传达信息的局限性，这些发现对于打算帮助灾难应对的灾难从业者和数字志愿者具有实际和政策意义。对每张地图中所收集数据的分析表明，正在映射的许多情境信息已经在其他地方获得，并且通过这些项目很少出现新的地面真理。通过展示这些地图中所传达信息的局限性，这些发现对于打算帮助灾难应对的灾难从业者和数字志愿者具有实际和政策意义。