This study aimed to investigate children's potential for reasoning by analogy utilizing a newly‐developed computerized dynamic test, and the potential differential influence of executive functions (cognitive flexibility, attention, and planning) on static and dynamic measures of analogical reasoning. Participants included 64 children (mean age = 7.55). The study employed a two‐session experimental test‐training‐test design. Based on randomized blocking, half of the children received a graduated prompts training between pre‐test and post‐test, and the other half did not. Trained children improved more than control children in both their accuracy scores and number of accurately applied transformations from pre‐test to post‐test. It was further found that cognitive flexibility, attention and planning, is associated with successful solving of analogies. Training children in analogical reasoning seemed to reduce the effect of executive functions. It was also found that that children who were more cognitively flexible needed more prompts during the training.

中文翻译：

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通过类比对儿童进行推理的潜力进行计算机动态测试：执行功能的作用

这项研究旨在利用新开发的计算机化动态测试，通过类比调查儿童的推理潜力，以及执行功能（认知灵活性，注意力和计划）对类比推理的静态和动态度量的潜在差异影响。参加者包括64名儿童（平均年龄= 7.55）。该研究采用了两阶段的实验测试-训练-测试设计。基于随机分组，一半的孩子在测试前和测试后接受了毕业提示培训，另一半则没有。从测试前到测试后，训练有素的孩子在准确性得分和准确应用的转换次数方面比对照孩子要多。进一步发现，认知的灵活性，注意力和计划，与成功解决类比有关。对儿童进行类比推理训练似乎减少了执行功能的影响。还发现，在训练过程中认知能力更强的孩子需要更多的提示。