Scholars have suggested that flipped learning can be enhanced by designing effective in‐class learning activities to improve students' higher order thinking skills. Problem posing has been recognized as such a learning strategy that has great potential for improving students' higher order thinking skills. However, it has been reported as a challenging task for most students. Research evidence has indicated the potential of engaging students in group learning with step‐by‐step hints when conducting problem‐posing activities. Therefore, this study proposed a multilevel concept mapping‐based problem‐posing strategy to assist students in completing the problem‐posing tasks in flipped learning. To understand the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, a flipped learning system was developed and adopted in the science class of an elementary school. Seventy‐five fifth graders from three classes were divided into experimental group A, experimental Group B and a control group. Students in Group A used the concept map‐guided problem‐posing strategy for flipped learning (CMPP‐FL), students in Group B used the problem‐posing strategy‐based flipped learning, while students in the control group used the conventional flipped learning strategy. The results showed that the CMPP‐FL was effective in terms of improving students' learning performance, especially for students with higher levels of critical thinking tendency.

中文翻译：

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推动翻转学习：具有概念图指导的问题定位策略的在线学习环境

学者们建议，通过设计有效的课堂学习活动来提高学生的高阶思维能力，可以增强翻转学习的能力。提出问题是这种学习策略，具有极大的潜力，可以提高学生的高阶思维能力。但是，据报道，这对大多数学生来说是一项艰巨的任务。研究证据表明，在进行提出问题的活动时，可以通过逐步提示让学生参与小组学习。因此，本研究提出了一种基于多层次概念映射的问题提出策略，以帮助学生完成翻转学习中的问题提出任务。为了了解拟议策略的有效性，开发了一种翻转学习系统，并在小学科学课中采用了这种学习系统。来自三类的75名五年级学生被分为实验组A，实验组B和对照组。小组A的学生使用概念图指导的问题翻转策略进行翻转学习（CMPP-FL），小组B的学生使用基于问题提出策略的翻转学习，而对照组的学生则使用常规的翻转学习策略。结果表明，CMPP-FL在提高学生的学习成绩方面是有效的，特别是对于批判性思维倾向较高的学生而言。小组A的学生使用概念图指导的问题翻转策略进行翻转学习（CMPP-FL），小组B的学生使用基于问题提出策略的翻转学习，而对照组的学生则使用常规的翻转学习策略。结果表明，CMPP-FL在提高学生的学习成绩方面是有效的，特别是对于批判性思维倾向较高的学生而言。小组A的学生使用概念图指导的问题翻转策略进行翻转学习（CMPP-FL），小组B的学生使用基于问题提出策略的翻转学习，而对照组的学生则使用常规的翻转学习策略。结果表明，CMPP-FL在提高学生的学习成绩方面是有效的，特别是对于批判性思维倾向较高的学生而言。