Expression of Concern: Rekers, George A., Lovaas, O. Ivar (1974) Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex‐Role Behaviors in a Male Child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 173‐190. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1974.7-173

This expression of concern is for the above article, published in print in 1974, and has been published by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, the Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (SEAB), and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. This expression of concern has been issued following concerns raised regarding the ethics of using reinforcement and punishment to reduce gender nonconforming behaviors. The Editor‐in‐Chief and SEAB conducted a thorough analysis of all available information and publications relevant to the article and subsequent uses of the article in alignment with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. The criteria for retraction are primarily based on clear and defensible evidence of scientific misconduct, falsification or fabrication of data, or clear ethics violation. By today's standards and in light of our current scientific knowledge, the study would be considered unethical. However, the available evidence does not make it clear that the original study was unethical by the standards of that day. Therefore, the journal is instead issuing this expression of concern to readers. For more information, please read the journal's editorial found here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaba.768

关注的表达方式：Rekers，George A.，Lovaas，O.Ivar（1974）男性男孩中性角色行为的行为治疗。应用行为分析杂志，7，173-190。https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1974.7-173

这种关注是针对以上文章，该文章于1974年以印刷形式出版，并已由《主编》，行为实验分析学会（SEAB）和Wiley Periodicals，LLC之间达成协议出版。在表达了对使用强化和惩罚来减少性别不符合行为的道德规范的关注之后，表达了这种关注。总编辑和SEAB根据出版道德委员会（COPE）的指导原则，对与该文章相关的所有可用信息和出版物以及该文章的后续使用进行了彻底的分析。收回的标准主要基于科学上的不端行为，伪造或伪造数据或明显违反道德规范的明确且有根据的证据。今天之前' 按照我们目前的科学知识，该研究将被认为是不道德的。但是，现有证据尚不能明确表明按照当时的标准，原始研究是不道德的。因此，该杂志改为向读者发出这种表达关注的表情。有关更多信息，请阅读位于以下位置的期刊社论：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaba.768