Employment is often undertaken simultaneous with providing unpaid care for an elderly or disabled family member. These dual responsibilities can create substantial inter-role conflict. The current study considers how these roles affect work-family conflict by examining: (i) the process which the gender of employees with caregiving responsibilities shapes work-family conflict and (ii) whether this effect of employee gender is moderated by the societal level of gender egalitarianism. Data were collected from employees with caregiving responsibilities in 33 European countries. Findings suggest that the mediated relationship between gender and work-family conflict is moderated by gender egalitarianism. As gender egalitarianism increases, women's commitment to caregiving is unchanged, while men, contrary to expectations, provide less caregiving. This gendered effect leads to an adjustment in an employee's job tasks, which in turn, reduces work-family conflict. Overall, the findings suggest that gender, job tasks and cross-cultural variables are important considerations at the interface of employment and caregiving.

中文翻译：

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无偿家庭照顾责任、员工工作任务和工作家庭冲突：一项跨文化研究

就业通常与为年长或残疾家庭成员提供无偿护理同时进行。这些双重责任可能会造成严重的角色间冲突。目前的研究考虑如何这些角色通过检查以下因素来影响工作-家庭冲突：（i）承担照顾责任的员工的性别塑造工作-家庭冲突的过程，以及（ii）员工性别的这种影响是否受到社会性别平等主义水平的调节。数据是从 33 个欧洲国家的有照料责任的员工那里收集的。研究结果表明，性别平等与工作家庭冲突之间的中介关系受到性别平等主义的调节。随着性别平等主义的增加，女性对照料的承诺没有改变，而男性则出乎意料地提供较少的照料。这种性别效应会导致员工工作任务的调整，从而减少工作与家庭的冲突。总体而言，研究结果表明，性别、