Abstract

New theories of economic growth that are policy-relevant and connect with the histories of success and failure in economic development are urgently needed. This article compares the neoclassical (or market efficiency) school of thought with the production-capability school of thought which included Alexander Hamilton, Friedrich List, and Joseph Schumpeter. Many affirmative, industrial policy steps by governments to promote economic development have been historically recorded—including in the UK and the United States. Meanwhile the neoclassical school has ignored the role of government in helping to create competitive advantage. It has also chosen to ignore how firms are formed, how technologies are acquired, and how industries emerge. The dynamic capability theory of economic growth developed here assigns the central role in economic growth to firms but also an important role to governments. The rate at which a country’s economy grows depends critically on whether its firms can build the capabilities to generate and take advantage of “windows of opportunity” that exist for innovation and new markets, and whether over time they are able to enhance their capabilities to move into higher value-added activities.1¹

中文翻译：

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建立经济增长的动态能力理论

摘要

迫切需要与政策相关并与经济发展的成败史联系在一起的新的经济增长理论。本文将新古典（或市场效率）学派与包括亚历山大·汉密尔顿，弗里德里希·李斯特和约瑟夫·熊彼特在内的生产能力学派进行了比较。历史上已经记录了政府为促进经济发展采取的许多平权产业政策步骤，包括英国和美国。同时，新古典主义学校忽略了政府在帮助创造竞争优势中的作用。它还选择忽略公司的形成方式，技术的获取方式以及产业的兴起。这里发展的经济增长的动态能力理论将经济增长的核心角色分配给公司，但也将其分配给政府。一个国家经济的增长速度主要取决于其公司能否建立能力来产生和利用创新和新市场所存在的“机会窗口”，以及随着时间的推移它们是否能够增强其移动能力参与更高的增值活动1^1个