The rise and proliferation of private standards have been recognized in international trade law, and various concerns have been raised. Existing literature analyses how the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly the SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Committee and the TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) Committee, have responded (or cannot respond) to the proliferation of private standards. This paper goes one step further by focusing specifically on the meta-regulatory function performed by regional and international organizations other than the WTO. This paper sheds light on three types of governance techniques that can serve as meta-regulatory activities in relation to private standards by regional and international organizations: (1) governance by delegation; (2) governance by information; and (3) governance by soft law. This paper analyses features of these governance techniques and considers the relation between these governance techniques and the WTO's approach.

中文翻译：

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私营标准的元监管：区域和国际组织在与 WTO 的比较中的作用

私营标准的兴起和扩散已在国际贸易法中得到认可，并引发了各种担忧。现有文献分析了世界贸易组织 (WTO)，特别是 SPS（卫生和植物检疫）委员会和 TBT（贸易技术壁垒）委员会如何应对（或不能应对）私人标准的扩散。本文更进一步，特别关注 WTO 以外的区域和国际组织所执行的元监管功能。本文阐明了三种治理技术，可以作为区域和国际组织与私营标准相关的元监管活动：（1）授权治理；（二）信息化治理；（三）软法治理。