This article examines the concept of granting legal rights to nature as a strategy for more effective environmental protection in the era of the Anthropocene. Following decades of debate over the possibility and consequences of natural objects becoming legal rights holders, a number of countries have recently implemented rights of nature laws in their national legal systems. Comparing two of these examples – a constitutional amendment in Ecuador and recently transposed legislation in New Zealand – will help in understanding the potential for and challenges in the implementation of this concept. On the basis of the findings of this comparison the article further analyzes the possibility of legal reform in a European country, using Germany by way of example. This analysis demonstrates that the realization of rights of nature in Europe is faced with many obstacles as it contests institutional and legal frameworks that are deeply rooted in Western individual rights doctrines and neoliberal economic models. Nevertheless, the holistic approach of expanding the number of rights-bearing subjects beyond an anthropocentric framework can allow for more serious consideration of environmental interests, something that aligns with the German narrative of recognizing nature's intrinsic value in law and the need for effective environmental protection measures.

中文翻译：

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为德国的自然权利铺平道路：新西兰和厄瓜多尔法律改革的经验教训

本文探讨了赋予自然合法权利的概念，作为人类世时代更有效的环境保护战略。在对自然物体成为合法权利人的可能性和后果进行了数十年的辩论之后，一些国家最近在其国家法律体系中实施了自然权利法。比较其中两个例子——厄瓜多尔的宪法修正案和新西兰最近转换的立法——将有助于了解实施这一概念的潜力和挑战。在此比较结果的基础上，本文以德国为例，进一步分析了欧洲国家进行法律改革的可能性。这一分析表明，在欧洲实现自然权利面临​​着许多障碍，因为它与深深植根于西方个人权利理论和新自由主义经济模式的制度和法律框架相冲突。然而，在以人类为中心的框架之外扩大享有权利的主体数量的整体方法可以允许更认真地考虑环境利益，这与德国在法律中承认自然的内在价值和需要有效的环境保护措施的叙述是一致的.