While monolingual speakers can use contrastive pitch accents to predict upcoming referents, bilingual speakers do not always use this cue predictively in their L2. The current study examines the role of recent exposure for predictive processing in native German (L1) second language learners of English (L2). In Experiment 1, participants followed instructions to click on two successive objects, for example, Click on the red carrot/duck. Click on the green/GREEN carrot (where CAPS indicate a contrastive L + H* accent). Participants predicted a repeated noun following a L + H* accent in the L1, but not in the L2, where processing was delayed. Experiment 2 shows that after an exposure period with highly consistent prosodic cues, bilinguals engaged in predictive processing in both their L1 and L2. However, inconsistent prosodic cues showed different effects on bilinguals’ L1 and L2 predictive processing. The results are discussed in terms of exposure-based and resource-deficit models of processing.

中文翻译：

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使用韵律预测 L1 和 L2 中即将出现的指称

虽然单语者可以使用对比音高口音来预测即将到来的所指对象，但双语者并不总是在他们的 L2 中预测性地使用这个提示。目前的研究考察了最近暴露在以德语 (L1) 为母语的英语 (L2) 的第二语言学习者中的预测处理的作用。在实验 1 中，参与者按照说明点击两个连续的对象，例如，点击红色的胡萝卜/鸭子。点击绿色/绿色胡萝卜（其中 CAPS 表示对比 L + H* 重音）。参与者预测在 L1 中出现 L + H* 重音后出现重复名词，但在 L2 中则不然，因为 L2 处理延迟。实验 2 表明，在具有高度一致的韵律线索的暴露期之后，双语者在其 L1 和 L2 中都进行了预测处理。然而，不一致的韵律线索对双语者的 L1 和 L2 预测处理表现出不同的影响。结果将根据基于暴露和资源不足的处理模型进行讨论。