In parallel to the negotiation of international investment agreements to protect foreign investment, intergovernmental organizations have deployed considerable efforts to adopt and implement standards of conduct for business enterprises operating abroad. Despite their informal character under international law, these instruments are increasingly mentioned in international investment agreements and investment arbitration. How can references to informal instruments elaborated by intergovernmental organizations contribute to the imposition of human rights obligations on foreign investors in international investment law? Drawing upon the interactional theory developed by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, this article considers these references as a practice that has the potential to strengthen the normative pull towards compliance with human rights norms. In addition to emphasizing the role of international investment law as a relevant forum to develop a practice surrounding these informal instruments, it assesses whether the use of these instruments by members of a community of practice is intended to establish a genuine sense of obligation and to impose human rights obligations on foreign investors. Even if some instances evidence a practice that strengthens such a sense of obligation, most of the references included in international investment agreements and investment arbitration do not render a practice of legality.

中文翻译：

---

将人权义务强加给外国投资者的非正式文书：一种新兴的合法实践？

在就保护外国投资的国际投资协定进行谈判的同时，政府间组织付出了相当大的努力，为在国外经营的企业采用和实施行为标准。尽管根据国际法具有非正式性质，但这些文书越来越多地在国际投资协议和投资仲裁中被提及。参考政府间组织制定的非正式文书如何有助于在国际投资法中将人权义务强加给外国投资者？借鉴 Jutta Brunnée 和 Stephen J. Toope 提出的相互作用理论，本文将这些参考视为一种做法，有可能加强对遵守人权规范的规范吸引力。除了强调国际投资法作为围绕这些非正式文书发展实践的相关论坛的作用外，它还评估实践社区成员使用这些文书是否旨在建立真正的义务感并强加外国投资者的人权义务。即使有些事例证明了一种加强这种义务感的做法，但国际投资协议和投资仲裁中的大多数参考资料并不构成一种合法性做法。除了强调国际投资法作为围绕这些非正式文书发展实践的相关论坛的作用外，它还评估实践社区成员使用这些文书是否旨在建立真正的义务感并强加外国投资者的人权义务。即使有些事例证明了一种加强这种义务感的做法，但国际投资协议和投资仲裁中的大多数参考资料并不构成一种合法性做法。除了强调国际投资法作为围绕这些非正式文书发展实践的相关论坛的作用外，它还评估实践社区成员使用这些文书是否旨在建立真正的义务感并强加外国投资者的人权义务。即使有些事例证明了一种加强这种义务感的做法，但国际投资协议和投资仲裁中的大多数参考资料并不构成一种合法性做法。