The recent moderate trend to increasingly apply human rights law in investment awards is accompanied by certain new investment treaties which include expressed human rights provisions. An analysis of recent investment awards indicates that though there are some ‘winds of change’ in this field, it is equally noticeable that human rights law is far from being mainstreamed in international investment law. Investment arbitration procedural law is also undergoing a process of change, and the new procedural rules tend to enhance public elements in the investment arbitral system. This study is aimed at explaining these recent legal changes, highlighting the role of social movements in reframing investment relations as well as increasing public pressure to apply human rights law. These framing changes concern broadening the frame of investment arbitration (beyond the foreign investor–host state dyad), reversing the perceived balance of power between investors and host states, and zooming-in on local individuals and communities residing in host states. The discussion on factors impeding legal change in this field emphasizes the role of the private legal culture prevalent in the investment arbitration system, which is reflected and reinforced by certain resilient socio-legal frames. Informed by this analysis, the study suggests some legal mechanisms which can mitigate the inter-partes frame, and increase the application of human rights law in investment arbitration; inter alia, rigorous transparency rules that are likely to facilitate increased public pressure on tribunals and increase the participation of social movements representing local actors in arbitral processes.

中文翻译：

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社会运动，重构投资关系，加强人权规范在国际投资法中的应用

最近在投资裁决中越来越多地适用人权法的温和趋势伴随着某些新的投资条约，其中包括明确的人权条款。对近期投资裁决的分析表明，尽管这一领域存在一些“变革之风”，但同样值得注意的是，人权法远未成为国际投资法的主流。投资仲裁程序法也在发生变化，新的程序规则倾向于增强投资仲裁制度的公共性。本研究旨在解释这些最近的法律变化，强调社会运动在重塑投资关系以及增加适用人权法的公众压力方面的作用。这些框架变化涉及扩大投资仲裁的框架（超越外国投资者-东道国二元组），扭转投资者与东道国之间的权力平衡，以及关注居住在东道国的当地个人和社区。关于阻碍该领域法律变革的因素的讨论强调了在投资仲裁制度中普遍存在的私人法律文化的作用，这种作用通过某些具有弹性的社会法律框架得到反映和加强。根据这一分析，该研究提出了一些可以减轻 关于阻碍该领域法律变革的因素的讨论强调了在投资仲裁制度中普遍存在的私人法律文化的作用，这种作用通过某些具有弹性的社会法律框架得到反映和加强。根据这一分析，该研究提出了一些可以减轻 关于阻碍该领域法律变革的因素的讨论强调了在投资仲裁制度中普遍存在的私人法律文化的作用，这种作用通过某些具有弹性的社会法律框架得到反映和加强。根据这一分析，该研究提出了一些可以减轻多方框架，并增加人权法在投资仲裁中的适用；除其他外, 严格的透明度规则可能会增加公众对法庭的压力，并增加代表当地行为者的社会运动在仲裁程序中的参与。