Languages differ in whether or not they allow discontinuous noun phrases. If they do, they further vary in the ways the nominal projections interact with the available syntactic operations. Yucatec Maya has two left-peripheral configurations that differ syntactically: a preverbal position for foci or wh-elements that is filled in by movement, and the possibility to adjoin topics at the highest clausal layer. These two structural options are reflected in different ways of the formation of discontinuous patterns. Subextraction from nominal projections to the focus position yielding discontinuous NPs is possible, but subject to several restrictions. It observes conditions on extraction domains, and does not apply to the left branch of nominal structures. The topic position also appears to license discontinuity, typically involving a non-referential nominal expression as the topic and quantifiers/adjectives that form an elliptical nominal projection within the clause proper. Such constructions can involve several morphological and syntactic mismatches between their parts that are excluded for continuous noun phrases, and they are not sensitive to syntactic island restrictions. Thus, in a strict sense, discontinuities involving the topic position are only apparent, because the construction involves two independent nominal projections that are semantically linked.

中文翻译：

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Yucatec Maya 中的不连续名词短语

语言的不同在于它们是否允许不连续的名词短语。如果是这样，它们会进一步改变名义投影与可用句法操作的交互方式。Yucatec Maya 有两种语法不同的左外围配置：一个用于 foci 或什么- 由运动填充的元素，以及在最高分句层连接主题的可能性。这两种结构选择体现在不连续模式形成的不同方式上。从标称投影到产生不连续 NP 的焦点位置的子提取是可能的，但受到一些限制。它遵守提取域的条件，不适用于名义结构的左分支。主题位置似乎也允许不连续性，通常涉及作为主题的非指称名词性表达和量词/形容词，在子句本身形成椭圆的名词性投影。这样的结构可能涉及它们的部分之间的几种形态和句法不匹配，这些不匹配连续名词短语，而且它们对语法孤岛限制不敏感。因此，在严格意义上，涉及主题位置的不连续性只是明显的，因为该结构涉及两个在语义上相互关联的独立名义投影。