This contribution commemorates Geert Hofstede, who recently passed away, as a pioneer in the study of culture and institutions. It does so by touching on some of the details of his personal life and connecting these with his professional career. The latter was devoted to developing the paradigm of national cultures based on empirical analysis, and to relate it to organisational behaviour. Closer scrutiny reveals that four distinct phases may be identified. Hofstede first started as an ‘undercover’ engineer and next moved to social psychology. During the second phase, he developed the first four dimensions of natural culture. During the third, Hofstede connected these national dimensions to organisational ones. During the last, he added two new cultural dimensions and developed additional practical applications. Finally, the article considers the reception, criticism, and further elaborations of Hofstede's contributions.

中文翻译：

---

纪念 Geert Hofstede，文化和制度研究的先驱

这一贡献是为了纪念最近去世的 Geert Hofstede，他是文化和制度研究的先驱。它通过触及他个人生活的一些细节并将这些与他的职业生涯联系起来来做到这一点。后者致力于在实证分析的基础上发展民族文化范式，并将其与组织行为联系起来。更仔细的审查表明，可以确定四个不同的阶段。霍夫斯泰德最初是一名“卧底”工程师，然后转向社会心理学。在第二阶段，他发展了自然文化的前四个维度。在第三阶段，霍夫斯泰德将这些国家层面与组织层面联系起来。最后，他增加了两个新的文化维度并开发了更多的实际应用。最后，