This study examines how human capital develops in response to early-life weather and pollution exposures in the Philippines. Both pollution and weather are examined in relation to short- and long-term human capital outcomes. We combine a three-decade longitudinal survey measuring human capital development, a database of historical weather, and multiple databases characterizing carbon monoxide and ozone in the Philippines during the 1980s. We find evidence that extreme precipitation and temperature affect short-term anthropometric outcomes, but long-term outcomes appear unaffected. For long-term cognitive outcomes, we find that early-life pollution exposures negatively affect test scores and schooling. These long-term responses to early-life pollution exposures extend to the labor market with reduced hours worked and earnings. The implication is that a 25 per cent reduction in early-life ozone exposure would increase per person discounted lifetime earnings by $1,367, which would scale to $2.05 billion at the national level (or 2 per cent of 2005 GDP).

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早期生活环境和人力资本：来自菲律宾的证据

本研究探讨了菲律宾人力资本如何应对早年的天气和污染暴露。污染和天气都与短期和长期的人力资本成果相关联。我们结合了衡量人力资本发展的三年纵向调查、历史天气数据库以及描述 1980 年代菲律宾一氧化碳和臭氧特征的多个数据库。我们发现有证据表明极端降水和温度会影响短期人体测量结果，但长期结果似乎不受影响。对于长期的认知结果，我们发现早期的污染暴露会对考试成绩和学校教育产生负面影响。这些对生命早期污染暴露的长期反应延伸到劳动力市场，工作时间和收入减少。