English today is a conglomerate of a vast array of different varieties of English. This linguistic diversity, captured most prominently in the World Englishes paradigm (Kachru, 1985), poses a challenge to English language teaching (ELT) in countries where English does not have an official status (i.e. there is no codified local norm) and is learned as a foreign language, such as Armenia or Germany. Learners of English in these countries are norm-dependent on ‘standard’ Englishes spoken as a native language (Kachru, 1985) as the models of teaching (Galloway & Rose, 2015: 196–198; Matsuda and Friedrich, 2012: 21–22). These ‘Standard Englishes’ are abstract and idealized concepts as they are never fully realized by speakers in their ‘clearly delimited, perfectly uniform, and perfectly stable’ (Milroy, 2001: 543) form. However, they are powerful ideas in the minds of speakers – and learners in particular – as the models of language teaching. Standard British (StBE) and Standard American English (StAmE) and their associated prestige accents Received Pronunciation and General American traditionally serve as the models of language teaching for learners (Kirkpatrick, 2007: 184–189; Phillipson, 1992: 136–172). StBE has long been considered the global prestige accent variety but Bayard et al. (2001: 41–43) hypothesize that it is gradually replaced by StAmE due to the global availability of the US media.

中文翻译：

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亚美尼亚和德国学生对英式英语、美式英语和他们自己的英语的态度

今天的英语是由大量不同种类的英语组成的综合体。这种语言多样性在世界英语范式（Kachru，1985）中最为突出，对英语没有官方地位（即没有成文的地方规范）和学习的国家的英语教学（ELT）提出了挑战作为外语，例如亚美尼亚或德国。这些国家的英语学习者依赖于作为母语的“标准”英语（Kachru，1985）作为教学模式（Galloway & Rose，2015：196-198；Matsuda 和 Friedrich，2012：21-22 ）。这些“标准英语”是抽象的和理想化的概念，因为它们从未被说话者以“界限分明、完全统一和完全稳定”（Milroy，2001：543）的形式完全实现。然而，它们是说话者——尤其是学习者——作为语言教学模型的强大思想。标准英式 (StBE) 和标准美式英语 (StAmE) 及其相关的声望口音 Received Pronunciation 和 General American 传统上作为学习者语言教学的模式（Kirkpatrick, 2007: 184–189; Phillipson, 1992: 136–172）。StBE 长期以来一直被认为是全球声望的口音品种，但 Bayard 等人。(2001: 41-43) 假设由于美国媒体的全球可用性，它逐渐被 StAmE 取代。标准英式 (StBE) 和标准美式英语 (StAmE) 及其相关的声望口音 Received Pronunciation 和 General American 传统上作为学习者语言教学的模式（Kirkpatrick, 2007: 184–189; Phillipson, 1992: 136–172）。StBE 长期以来一直被认为是全球声望的口音品种，但 Bayard 等人。(2001: 41-43) 假设由于美国媒体的全球可用性，它逐渐被 StAmE 取代。标准英式 (StBE) 和标准美式英语 (StAmE) 及其相关的声望口音 Received Pronunciation 和 General American 传统上作为学习者语言教学的模式（Kirkpatrick, 2007: 184–189; Phillipson, 1992: 136–172）。StBE 长期以来一直被认为是全球声望的口音品种，但 Bayard 等人。(2001: 41-43) 假设由于美国媒体的全球可用性，它逐渐被 StAmE 取代。