This study reports a production experiment investigating the realization of objects with different verb types in controlled discourse contexts in 68 three- to seven-year-old sequential Cantonese–English bilingual children. The results show the bilingual children behaved similarly to the Cantonese monolingual peers in object omission, but exhibited protracted development and produced target-deviant forms following a Cantonese pattern in omitting objects specified in prior discourse in English. The bilingual children also showed non-target-like uses of the Cantonese post-verbal object pronoun keoi5, which were unattested in monolingual children. Our findings show evidence for bidirectional cross-linguistic influence: the direction of influence goes from the weaker to the stronger language and from the stronger to the weaker language. Vulnerability of object realization in bilingual acquisition can be better understood in terms of the interaction between cross-linguistic influence, input (e.g., quantity and structural frequencies) and other linguistic elements involved in the interface relation (e.g., verb type).

中文翻译：

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粤英双语儿童对象实现的双向跨语言影响

本研究报告了一项生产实验，调查了 68 名 3 至 7 岁连续粤英双语儿童在受控语篇上下文中对不同动词类型的对象的实现。结果显示，双语儿童在遗漏对象方面的行为与广东话单语同龄人相似，但在省略先前英语话语中指定的对象方面表现出长期发展并产生遵循粤语模式的目标偏差形式。双语儿童也表现出对粤语后动词宾语代词的非目标类使用keoi5,这在单语儿童中是未经证实的。我们的研究结果显示了双向跨语言影响的证据：影响的方向从弱到强的语言，从强到弱的语言。双语习得中对象实现的脆弱性可以从跨语言影响、输入（例如，数量和结构频率）和界面关系中涉及的其他语言元素（例如，动词类型）之间的相互作用来更好地理解。