Second language (L2) speakers produce speech more slowly than first language (L1) speakers. This may be due to a delay in lexical retrieval, but it is also possible that the delay is situated at later stages. This study used delayed picture naming to test whether late production stages (leading up to articulation) are slower in L2 than in L1. Dutch–English unbalanced bilinguals performed a regular and a delayed picture naming task in English and Dutch. Monolingual English controls performed these tasks in English. Speakers were slower when naming pictures in L2 during regular picture naming but not in delayed naming. Reaction time costs of using L2 did not vary with phonological complexity, but there was a larger L2 cost in accuracy with more complex words. We conclude that the very last stages prior to articulation are not significantly slower when bilinguals name pictures in their L2.

中文翻译：

---

第一语言和第二语言的延迟图片命名

说第二语言 (L2) 的人比说第一语言 (L1) 的人说话更慢。这可能是由于词汇检索的延迟，但也有可能延迟位于后面的阶段。这项研究使用延迟图片命名来测试后期制作阶段（导致发音）在 L2 中是否比 L1 慢。荷兰语-英语不平衡的双语者用英语和荷兰语执行定期和延迟的图片命名任务。单语英语控件以英语执行这些任务。在常规图片命名期间，在 L2 中命名图片时，扬声器速度较慢，但​​在延迟命名中则不然。使用 L2 的反应时间成本不随语音复杂性而变化，但对于更复杂的单词，L2 的准确性成本更大。