The judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) announced on November 19, 2019 in response to a preliminary reference from the Polish Supreme Court is of fundamental importance for the independence of courts and judges in EU countries, establishing a pillar on which subsequent CJEU decisions have been based. The CJEU concluded that a national court is not an independent and impartial tribunal within the meaning of the European Union (EU) law where the objective circumstances in which that court was formed, its characteristics, and the means by which its members have been appointed are capable of giving rise to legitimate doubts, in the minds of subjects of the law, as to the imperviousness of that court to external interference. In particular, a court may cease to be seen as independent or impartial when it appears to be under the direct or indirect influence of the legislature and/or the executive, or where doubts emerge about their neutrality with respect to the interests before them. Such circumstances threaten the trust that justice in a democratic society must inspire in subjects of the law.

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合并案例 C-585/18、C-624/18、C-625/18

2019 年 11 月 19 日，欧盟法院大法庭（CJEU）针对波兰最高法院的初步参考宣布的判决对欧盟国家法院和法官的独立性至关重要，建立一个支柱，欧洲法院随后的决定将以此为基础。CJEU 的结论是，国家法院不是欧洲联盟 (EU) 法律意义上的独立和公正的法庭，其成立的客观情况、特点和任命其成员的方式不符合欧盟法律的要求。能够在法律主体的头脑中引起合理的怀疑，即该法院不受外部干预的影响。特别是，当法院似乎受到立法机关和/或行政机关的直接或间接影响，或者当人们对其在其面前的利益方面的中立性产生怀疑时，法院可能不再被视为独立或公正的。这种情况威胁到民主社会中的正义必须激发法律主体的信任。