Abstract: I illustrate the formative process of John R. Commons’ price movement theory. To characterize his theoretical development, I propose a framework, “income approach,” in which the change in collective expectation leads to a change in the amount of income, first as bank credit and then as price movement. Further, I illustrate his theoretical development as the framework's formation. Compared with his 1890s papers, his 1923 papers show significant theoretical progress. His reading of Ralph G. Hawtrey, the pioneer of the income approach, may have contributed to this progress. Subsequently, by elaborating on an explanation for the continuously falling prices during the Great Depression, Commons finally established his comprehensive income approachs.

中文翻译：

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John R. Commons 应对价格下跌的收入方法的形成过程

摘要：我阐述了 John R. Commons 价格变动理论的形成过程。为了描述他的理论发展，我提出了一个框架，“收入方法”，其中集体预期的变化导致收入金额的变化，首先是银行信贷，然后是价格变动。此外，我将说明他的理论发展作为框架的形成。与他 1890 年代的论文相比，他 1923 年的论文显示出重大的理论进步。他对收入方法的先驱拉尔夫·G·霍特里 (Ralph G. Hawtrey) 的阅读可能对这一进展做出了贡献。随后，康芒斯通过详细解释大萧条期间物价持续下跌的原因，最终确立了他的综合收益法。