ABSTRACT

Misinformation often affects inferential reasoning even after it has been retracted, known as the continued influence effect (CIE). Previous behavioural research into the effect’s underlying mechanisms has focussed on the role of long-term memory processes at the time misinformation is retrieved during inferential reasoning. We present the first investigation into the CIE using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants completed a continued-influence task whilst electroencephalographic data were recorded. Analysis was guided by previous ERP research investigating post-event misinformation effects. ERPs elicited for retracted misinformation were more negative at a frontal-midline region of interest (300–500 ms) and more positive at a left-parietal region (450–600 ms) compared to correctly-accepted true information, though no differences were observed between rejected and accepted misinformation. This suggests that post-retraction reliance on misinformation may be driven by particularly strong recollection of the misinformation, ostensibly following poor integration of the retraction into the initial, partially invalid mental model.

摘要

错误信息即使在收回后也经常会影响推理推理，这就是持续影响效应（CIE）。先前对影响的潜在机制的行为研究集中于长期记忆过程在推理推理过程中检索错误信息时的作用。我们提出使用事件相关电位（ERP）对CIE进行的首次调查。参加者完成了一项持续影响任务，同时记录了脑电图数据。分析是由先前的ERP研究指导的，该研究调查了事件后错误信息的影响。与正确接受的真实信息相比，因牵拉错误信息而引起的ERP在正面正中线区域（300–500 ms）较阴性，而在左上腹区域（450–600 ms）较阳性，尽管在拒绝和接受的错误信息之间没有发现差异。这表明，撤回后对错误信息的依赖可能是由于对错误信息的特别强烈的记忆力驱动的，表面上看，这是由于撤回与原始的，部分无效的心理模型的不良整合所致。