ABSTRACT

We investigated the role of representational change and unconscious processing in Aha!-experience using a new experimental paradigm. Participants solved anagrams containing a word shorter than the solution by one letter. We used true (related to solutions) and false (related to short words) pictorial hints presented for 1000 ms or 17 ms (reportable/unreportable hints) to manipulate solvers’ representation. Reportable and unreportable true hints increased the probability of the correct solution and decreased the response time, while reportable and unreportable false hints increased the probability of specific intrusion errors (short words) but had no effect on the response time. Contrary to the representational change and unconscious processing accounts, neither reportable false hints nor unreportable true hints led to higher Aha!-experience ratings. Solutions of anagrams presented without hints received the highest Aha!-experience ratings. The results support the usefulness of the paradigm for insight problem research, and raise questions about the nature of Aha!-experiences.

摘要

我们使用新的实验范式研究了表征变化和无意识加工在啊哈！体验中的作用。参与者解决了包含比解决方案短一个字母的单词的字谜。我们使用真（与解决方案相关）和假（与短词相关）图形提示，呈现 1000 毫秒或 17 毫秒（可报告/不可报告提示）来操纵求解器的表示。可报告和不可报告的真实提示增加了正确解决方案的概率并减少了响应时间，而可报告和不可报告的虚假提示增加了特定入侵错误（短词）的概率，但对响应时间没有影响。与表征变化和无意识处理帐户相反，可报告的错误提示和不可报告的真实提示都不会导致更高的啊哈！- 经验评级。没有提示的字谜解决方案获得了最高的 Aha!-体验评级。结果支持范式对洞察力问题研究的有用性，并提出了关于 Aha!-experiences 本质的问题。