ABSTRACT

Objective

Studies of the association between early childhood low temperamental fearfulness or behavioral inhibition (BI) and later externalizing symptoms are few and results are inconsistent, despite research from outside the temperament field that has linked fearlessness with externalizing problems. There is also a large literature showing that peer victimization (PV) predicts externalizing symptoms. However, no prior studies have examined the joint effect of low temperamental fearfulness/BI and PV on externalizing psychopathology. The current study examined the main and joint effects of low temperamental fearfulness/BI and PV on broad internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as more narrow forms of externalizing psychopathology.

Method

Participants included 559 children (86.5% white, 54% male) assessed at ages 3, 6, 9, and 12. Temperamental fearfulness/BI was assessed using laboratory observations at age 3. PV was assessed via semi-structured interviews at ages 6 and 9. Finally, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were each assessed at ages 3 and 12.

Results

After accounting for sex, race, and age 3 symptomatology, the joint effect of low temperamental fearfulness/BI and PV predicted higher levels of externalizing problems overall and specific externalizing symptom domains, but not internalizing problems.

Conclusion

These results suggest that there is an association between low temperamental fearfulness/BI and later externalizing psychopathology, but that it depends on moderating factors such as PV.

中文翻译：

---

童年晚期的同伴受害调节了童年恐惧/抑制与青少年外化症状之间的关系

摘要

客观的

尽管气质领域之外的研究将无所畏惧与外化问题联系起来，但对儿童早期低气质恐惧或行为抑制（BI）与后来的外化症状之间关系的研究很少，而且结果也不一致。还有大量文献表明，同伴受害（PV）可以预测外化症状。然而，之前没有研究探讨低气质恐惧/BI 和 PV 对外化精神病理学的联合影响。目前的研究考察了低气质恐惧/BI和PV对广泛的内化和外化问题以及更狭义形式的外化精神病理学的主要和联合影响。

方法

参与者包括 559 名儿童（86.5% 白人，54% 男性），在 3、6、9 和 12 岁时进行评估。气质恐惧/BI 在 3 岁时通过实验室观察进行评估。PV 在 6 岁时通过半结构化访谈进行评估， 9. 最后，内化和外化精神病理学分别在 3 岁和 12 岁时进行评估。

结果

在考虑了性别、种族和年龄 3 的症状后，低气质恐惧/BI 和 PV 的联合效应预测了整体和特定外化症状领域的外化问题水平较高，但不是内化问题。

结论

这些结果表明，低气质恐惧/BI 与后来外化的精神病理学之间存在关联，但它取决于 PV 等调节因素。