ABSTRACT

Education markets have spread worldwide over the past few decades. Frequently, the expansion of markets in education is presented by their promoters as a means to improve the opportunities of the most socioeconomically disadvantaged students. However, the evidence available shows that market-oriented policies that enhance competition and choice tend to produce negative effects on equity by boosting school segregation and social stratification among public and private schools. This paper aims to unpack the mechanisms through which market-oriented policies and the involvement of private actors in education can foster the uneven distribution of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. By using a mechanism-based explanation, this paper identifies and describes the functioning of three main mechanisms by which pro-market policies generate school segregation. Finally, the paper addresses the analytical benefits of the mechanism-based approach and reflects on its policy implications regarding market-oriented reforms in education.

摘要

在过去的几十年里，教育市场已经遍布全球。通常，教育市场的扩张被其推广者视为改善社会经济最弱势学生机会的一种手段。然而，现有证据表明，促进竞争和选择的市场导向政策往往会通过促进公立和私立学校之间的学校隔离和社会分层来对公平产生负面影响。本文旨在揭示以市场为导向的政策和私人参与者参与教育可以促进来自弱势背景的学生分布不均的机制。通过使用基于机制的解释，本文确定并描述了促进市场政策产生学校隔离的三个主要机制的作用。最后，本文探讨了基于机制的方法的分析优势，并反思了其对教育市场化改革的政策影响。