ABSTRACT

This article examines the history of US movements for competencies, often called ‘twenty-first century skills’, in international context. Ironically, US actors were a source of early ideas about competencies but ‘late’ adopters of a competency-added reform—a partial and silent policy incorporated within the Common Core State Standards of 2010. The US case might appear to support a realist theory that the country independently invented the same solution to the same problem addressed by other countries’ competency-based reforms. However, this article shows that some US actors actually invited international influence, supporting the theory that the common problem was actually a social construction. In addition, soft power exercised by technology corporations partly explains how the solution of a competency-added curriculum was finally adopted by most US states.

摘要

本文在国际背景下考察了美国运动能力的历史，通常称为“二十一世纪技能”。具有讽刺意味的是，美国行为者是有关能力的早期思想的源头，但却是“能力增强型”改革的“晚期”采用者，这是纳入《 2010年共同核心州标准》的部分且无声的政策。美国案似乎支持一种现实主义理论，即该国为其他国家基于能力的改革所解决的同一问题独立发明了相同的解决方案。但是，本文表明，一些美国演员实际上邀请了国际影响力，支持了共同问题实际上是社会建设的理论。此外，