ABSTRACT

Human newborn infants are evolutionarily predisposed to communicate. Caretakers may interpret their signals, more or less correctly, as meaningful and intentional. Reliable responsiveness is the essence of the attachment system; appropriate and prompt responses to instant’s’ signals support secure quality of attachment. Other signals, if sensitively responded to, support curiosity for the world. From birth onward infants experience and learn whether their signals will be answered, and in what way, by whom, and when, thereby developing into their own culture. Videos from seven cultures, presented here, demonstrate the ubiquity of maternal responsiveness. They present a solid basis for future data from cultural and from biological anthropology. Carefully videotaped observations elucidate differences in meaning and function of sensitive caregiver–infant interactions for the emotional and cultural development of children in various cultures.

摘要

人类新生婴儿在进化上倾向于交流。看护者可能或多或少正确地将他们的信号解释为有意义和有意的。可靠的响应能力是依恋系统的本质；对即时信号的适当和迅速反应支持安全的依恋质量。其他信号，如果敏感地回应，支持对世界的好奇心。从出生开始，婴儿就会体验并学习他们的信号是否会得到回应，以何种方式、由谁和何时回应，从而发展成为他们自己的文化。这里展示的来自七种文化的视频展示了无处不在的母性反应。它们为来自文化和生物人类学的未来数据提供了坚实的基础。