Abstract

Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to be effective in treating several psychological difficulties, to date, no review has systematically examined their effectiveness in treating or preventing suicide. The goals of the present study were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs in treating suicide and (2) understand how individual characteristics and characteristics of MBIs influence treatment outcomes through a systematic meta-analysis. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses was conducted in February 2019. A total of 12 publications (13 studies, n = 627) were included. MBIs demonstrated significant moderate effects on suicidal ideation in pre-post studies and small effects in controlled studies. In addition, MBIs demonstrated significant moderate effects in both samples of individuals with histories of depression and histories of suicidal ideation or attempts. Moreover, MBIs led to clinically significant reductions in suicidal ideation and depression. Female participants, older samples, and longer treatments showed greater treatment effects, although these relationships were weak. Results suggest that MBIs may be promising treatments for suicidal ideation; however, more research is needed to establish the effects of these treatments as well as the mechanisms through which MBIs reduce suicide.

摘要

尽管基于正念的干预 (MBI) 已被证明可有效治疗多种心理障碍，但迄今为止，还没有系统评价它们在治疗或预防自杀方面的有效性。本研究的目的是 (1) 评估 MBI 在治疗自杀方面的有效性，以及 (2) 通过系统的荟萃分析了解 MBI 的个体特征和特征如何影响治疗结果。2019 年 2 月对 PubMed、MEDLINE、PsychINFO 和 ProQuest Dissertations and Thes 进行了检索。共有 12 篇出版物（13 项研究，n = 627) 包括在内。MBI 在事前研究中显示出对自杀意念的显着中等影响，在对照研究中显示出较小的影响。此外，MBIs 在有抑郁症史和有自杀意念或企图史的个体样本中均显示出显着的中度影响。此外，MBIs 导致临床上显着减少自杀意念和抑郁症。女性参与者、年龄较大的样本和较长时间的治疗显示出更大的治疗效果，尽管这些关系很弱。结果表明，MBIs 可能是有希望的自杀意念治疗方法；然而，需要更多的研究来确定这些治疗的效果以及 MBI 减少自杀的机制。