Low education and unemployment are common adult‐age outcomes associated with childhood RD (c‐RD). However, adult‐age cognitive and non‐cognitive factors associated with different outcomes remain unknown. We studied whether these outcomes are equally common among individuals with c‐RD and controls and whether these outcomes are related to adult‐age literacy skills or cognitive and non‐cognitive factors or their interaction with c‐RD. We examined adult participants with c‐RD (n = 48) and their matched controls (n = 37). Low education was more common among c‐RD than the controls, whereas long‐term unemployment was equally common in both groups. Moreover, adult‐age literacy skills, cognitive skills and non‐cognitive factors were related to both low education and long‐term unemployment. Only a few c‐RD‐specific associations emerged: c‐RD, especially in interaction with low verbal or reading comprehension, was associated with low education, and c‐RD in interaction with slow adult‐age reading was associated with long‐term unemployment. Avoidant coping style, emotional wellbeing and social functioning were related to education, and life‐satisfaction to unemployment irrespective of c‐RD. Thus, the non‐cognitive factors associated with education and employment are similar in individuals with and without c‐RD. Special attention should be paid to training c‐RD individuals in basic academic, social and emotional skills.

中文翻译：

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教育和职业成果中的认知和非认知因素-特定于阅读障碍吗？

受教育程度低和失业是与儿童RD（c-RD）相关的成年人普遍的结局。然而，与不同结局相关的成人认知和非认知因素仍然未知。我们研究了这些结果在具有c-RD和控制的个体中是否同样普遍，以及这些结果是否与成人识字技能或认知和非认知因素或与c-RD的相互作用有关。我们检查了具有c‐RD（n  = 48）和他们匹配的对照（n = 37）。在c-RD中，低学历比在对照组中更普遍，而长期失业在这两个群体中同样普遍。此外，成人的识字能力，认知能力和非认知因素都与低学历和长期失业有关。仅有少数c-RD特定的关联出现：c-RD，尤其是在言语或阅读理解力低下的互动中，与低学历相关；而c-RD，与成年人阅读速度慢的互动中，与长期失业相关。 。逃避应对方式，情绪健康和社会功能与教育有关，而对失业的生活满意度与c-RD无关。因此，在有和没有c-RD的个体中，与教育和就业相关的非认知因素相似。