The comparative advantage (CA) measures for India's merchandise trade with high, middle income, and least developed countries, based on annual trade data for 16 product groups from 2003 to 2018, indicate that India has always had CA over all three groups in animal, food products, and textiles and clothing, and comparative disadvantage (CDA) in wood. Further, its CA over least developed countries and its CDA over middle income countries are more persistent than over other groups. The probabilities of switching from CDA to CA are higher than those for shifting from CA to CDA for all three groups. (JEL F14, O24, O57)

中文翻译：

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印度在不同发展水平上与国家集团进行商品贸易时所展现的比较优势

根据2003年至2018年16个产品类别的年度贸易数据，针对印度的高，中等收入和最不发达国家商品贸易的比较优势（CA）指标表明，印度在动物，动物，食品，纺织品和服装以及木材的比较劣势（CDA）。此外，与最不发达国家相比，它的最不发达国家和相对中等收入国家的CDA比其他群体更具持久性。对于所有三个组，从CDA切换到CA的概率都高于从CA切换到CDA的概率。（ JEL F14，O24，O57）