Social support and an emerging sense of community are common in flooding, but postflood group dynamics have not been fully addressed. In the context of a flooded community, we explore how social identification with one’s community emerges and affects well-being, collective efficacy, and social support. Results from a quantitative survey show that social identification was positively associated with common fate, collective efficacy, and well-being through residents’ expectations of support and shared goals. Importantly, social identification and disaster exposure interacted: For flooded residents, observing support was associated with providing support regardless of levels of social identification. For unaffected residents there was no association between observed and provided support, regardless of levels of social identification. However, for indirectly affected residents observing support was associated to providing support but only when they highly identified with the community. We argue that structural factors should also be considered when exploring the effects of group membership.

中文翻译：

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灾难恢复期间的集体复原力：紧急社会认同和观察到的社会支持与集体效能、福祉和社会支持的提供有关

社会支持和社区意识在洪水中很常见，但洪水后的群体动态尚未得到充分解决。在洪水泛滥的社区背景下，我们探讨了对社区的社会认同如何产生并影响福祉、集体效能和社会支持。一项定量调查的结果表明，通过居民对支持和共同目标的期望，社会认同与共同命运、集体效能和幸福感呈正相关。重要的是，社会认同和灾害暴露相互作用：对于被洪水淹没的居民，无论社会认同水平如何，观察支持都与提供支持有关。对于未受影响的居民，无论社会认同水平如何，观察到的和提供的支持之间都没有关联。然而，对于间接受影响的居民，观察支持与提供支持有关，但前提是他们高度认同社区。我们认为，在探索群体成员资格的影响时，也应考虑结构性因素。