Organizations like 350.org, Insure Our Future, and DivestInvest are leading campaigns to urge boycott and divestment from fossil fuels as a means to address climate change. Increasingly, they are finding success, from individual consumers to massive pension and sovereign wealth funds. However, as organized group boycotts, divest campaigns may be vulnerable to prosecution under antitrust law. This article explores the likelihood of success in such a case, considering the history of the legal treatment of organized boycotts, the scope and purpose of antitrust law, and the possible application of the First Amendment to the divestment context. The article finds that fossil fuel boycotts straddle a number of contradictory characteristics, making application of existing theories inadequate. In particular, existing precedent protects political boycotts, but not those with primarily economic objectives, and fails to definitively address whether a noncompetitive actor may undertake concerted action under antitrust law. In the context of climate change, where the political is economic, and political goals may seek significant economic changes (such as undermining an entire industry), existing theories may lead to a result that threatens both free expression and the health of the planet. The essential flexibility of the Sherman Act, however, provides room for protection of political activity, even where the ultimate objective is economic in nature.

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抵制的麻烦：化石燃料的减产运动能否被禁止？

350.org，确保我们的未来和DivestInvest之类的组织正在领导运动，呼吁抵制和撤离化石燃料，以应对气候变化。从个人消费者到庞大的养老金和主权财富基金，他们越来越多地获得成功。但是，随着有组织的团体抵制，撤资运动可能容易受到反托拉斯法的起诉。本文探讨了在这种情况下成功的可能性，并考虑了有组织抵制的法律待遇的历史，反托拉斯法的范围和目的以及《第一修正案》在撤资背景下的可能应用。文章发现，化石燃料抵制跨越了许多相互矛盾的特征，从而使现有理论的应用不充分。特别是现有的先例可以保护政治抵制，但并非主要针对那些具有经济目标的企业，并且未能明确解决非竞争行为者是否可以根据反托拉斯法采取一致行动。在气候变化的背景下，政治是经济的，政治目标可能寻求重大的经济变化（例如破坏整个行业），现有的理论可能导致威胁自由表达和地球健康的结果。但是，《谢尔曼法》的基本灵活性为政治活动的保护提供了空间，即使最终目标是经济性质的。政治目标可能寻求重大的经济变化（例如破坏整个行业），现有的理论可能导致结果威胁自由表达和地球健康。但是，《谢尔曼法》的基本灵活性为政治活动的保护提供了空间，即使最终目标是经济性质的。政治目标可能寻求重大的经济变化（例如破坏整个行业），现有的理论可能导致结果威胁自由表达和地球健康。但是，《谢尔曼法》的基本灵活性为政治活动的保护提供了空间，即使最终目标是经济性质的。