People may experience subjective shifts in their self-efficacy for exerting willpower over time and based on context, and people who struggle with self-control may be particularly vulnerable to willpower self-efficacy fluctuations. Across four samples (college students without borderline features: n = 49; borderline features group: n = 50; current smokers: n = 61; chronic dieters: n = 92), participants completed one week of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) where momentary self-efficacy for willpower, positive affect, negative affect, tiredness, and distress intolerance were assessed randomly seven times per day. Results revealed that higher willpower self-efficacy was associated with lower negative affect and greater positive affect, and, lower willpower self-efficacy predicted subsequent distress intolerance via time-lagged analyses for the borderline features group.

人们可能会随着时间的推移并根据环境而在自我效能感上发生主观转变，而那些努力进行自我控制的人尤其容易受到意志力自我效能感波动的影响。跨越四个样本（没有边界特征的大学生：n =  49；边界特征组：n =  50；当前吸烟者：n =  61；长期节食者：n = 92），参与者完成了为期一周的生态瞬时评估（EMA），其中每天随机评估7次对意志力，积极影响，消极影响，疲倦和痛苦不耐的瞬时自我效能。结果显示，更高的意志力自我效能感与更低的负面影响和更大的积极影响有关，并且更低的意志力自我效能感通过对时限特征组的时滞分析预测了随后的苦难容忍度。