The aim of this paper is to explore the link between joint value creation and the varying nature of simultaneity. Joint value creation is a central concept in cooperative strategies and more broadly in the strategic management field. When cooperating with competitors firms have value creation intent, but face conflicting logics arising from the simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition. This study adopts a two continua approach to analyze coopetition at both the department level and the organizational level.

We explore the conjunctural causality based on two multipartner alliances in the pharmaceutical industry. The fsQCA allows detecting multiple causal paths between different intensities of cooperation and competition at both the department and the firm levels (conditions) to joint value creation (outcome). A key contribution of this paper is the conceptualization and empirical demonstration of the relation between the joint value creation and the coopetition intensity. Different types of coopetition engagements generate different outcomes in terms of joint value creation. The results show that high intensity of cooperation combined with high intensity of competition is significant for joint value creation. Unbalanced intensities of both elements, as well as low coopetition intensity, do not lead to joint value creation.

本文的目的是探索共同价值创造与同时性的不断变化之间的联系。共同价值创造是合作战略的核心概念，更广泛的是在战略管理领域。与竞争对手合作时，公司具有创造价值的意图，但面临着同时追求合作与竞争而产生的矛盾逻辑。本研究采用两种连续方法来分析部门级和组织级的竞争。

我们基于制药行业中的两个多伙伴联盟探索结膜因果关系。fsQCA允许在部门和公司级别（条件）之间检测不同强度的合作和竞争之间的多种因果关系，以共同创造价值（结果）。本文的关键贡献是联合价值创造与竞合强度之间关系的概念化和经验证明。就共同价值创造而言，不同类型的竞合活动产生不同的结果。结果表明，高强度的合作与高强度的竞争对于共同创造价值具有重要意义。两种元素的强度不平衡以及竞合强度低，都不会导致共同创造价值。