Abstract

Experiments in this research provide evidence that perceived scarcity increases risk-taking propensity and risk-taking behavior in the real world. One laboratory experiment and two field experiments were conducted to explore the effect of perceived scarcity on risk-taking behavior. Scarcity was manipulated by dealing with problems in scenarios of resource scarcity and recalling memories of resource scarcity. In Experiment 1, compared to the control condition, MBA students in the scarcity condition showed greater risk-seeking, a greater likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, greater risk perception, and greater expected benefits in social, recreational, financial, health/safety, and ethical domains. In Experiment 2, vendors in a local farmer’s market kept money that other people lost more in the scarcity condition than in the control condition where perceived money scarcity was not triggered. In Experiment 3, participants who were triggered by either perceived money scarcity or perceived time scarcity showed similar percentages of cheating in the statistics test. Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that perceived scarcity increases risk-taking propensity and ethical risk-taking behavior in the real world. Experiment 3 suggests that perceived scarcity induced by different types of resources scarcity may have the same impact on risk taking, and it needs to be further examined.

摘要

这项研究中的实验提供了证据，即感知到的稀缺性会增加现实世界中的冒险行为倾向和冒险行为。进行了一项实验室实验和两项野外实验，以探索感知到的稀缺对冒险行为的影响。通过处理资源稀缺场景中的问题并回想起资源稀缺的记忆来操纵稀缺性。在实验1中，与对照组相比，处于稀缺状态的MBA学生表现出更大的寻求风险，参与危险行为的可能性更大，具有更高的风险感知能力，并且在社交，娱乐，财务，健康/安全方面的预期收益更高，和道德领域。在实验2中，当地农贸市场中的卖方保留的钱是其他人在稀缺条件下比在没有引发感知的金钱短缺的控制条件下损失更多。在实验3中，由感知的金钱短缺或感知的时间短缺触发的参与者在统计测试中显示出相似的作弊百分比。实验1和2表明，感知到的稀缺性增加了现实世界中的冒险行为倾向和道德冒险行为。实验3表明，由不同类型的资源稀缺引起的感知稀缺可能对冒险承担具有相同的影响，需要进一步研究。在统计测试中，被感知的金钱短缺或感知的时间短缺触发的参与者表现出相似的作弊百分比。实验1和2表明，感知到的稀缺性增加了现实世界中的冒险倾向和道德冒险行为。实验3表明，由不同类型的资源稀缺引起的感知稀缺可能对冒险承担具有相同的影响，需要进一步研究。在统计测试中，被感知的金钱短缺或感知的时间短缺触发的参与者表现出相似的作弊百分比。实验1和2表明，感知到的稀缺性增加了现实世界中的冒险倾向和道德冒险行为。实验3表明，由不同类型的资源稀缺引起的感知稀缺可能对冒险承担具有相同的影响，需要进一步研究。