Competing theories are quite common in education. In spelling research, two general perspectives have emerged over the years: stage theory and repertoire/alternative theories. Exploring these perspectives is important because teachers need to understand how spelling knowledge is critical for learning to read words and to write them. Stage theory suggests that learners follow a developmental progression that reflects the increasing complexity of the spelling system itself. Alternative theorists suggest that learners do not follow a linear progression but are able to understand much more information about the spelling system throughout their development. The author explores the debate between these two conceptions, identifying not only important differences but also where there is common ground. Implications for spelling, word analysis, and vocabulary instruction are provided.

中文翻译：

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阶段，阶段，曲目和波浪：学习拼写和阅读单词

竞争理论在教育中非常普遍。近年来，在拼写研究中，出现了两种普遍的观点：阶段理论和曲目/替代理论。探索这些观点非常重要，因为教师需要了解拼写知识对于学习阅读和书写单词的关键。阶段理论表明，学习者遵循发展过程，反映出拼写系统本身日益复杂的情况。可供选择的理论家认为，学习者并不遵循线性发展过程，而是能够在整个发展过程中了解更多有关拼写系统的信息。作者探讨了这两个概念之间的争论，不仅确定了重要的差异，而且确定了有共同点的地方。对拼写，单词分析的影响，