Millions of immigrants chose Argentina as the land of opportunity during the era of mass migration. Two immigrant groups, Italian and Spanish, dominated the immigration flows. Despite higher literacy and a common language, Spaniards fared worse when compared to Italians in Buenos Aires. By 1895, Italians enjoyed higher wages. What explains their differential paths in the city of Buenos Aires? This study finds that the Italian community capitalized on pre‐existing cultural traditions to establish denser and more effective networks to match their compatriots with economic opportunities. The more individualistic Spanish were unable to keep pace, despite their initial cultural, linguistic, and educational advantages.

中文翻译：

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Paesani与Paisanos：在大规模移民时代，西班牙移民在布宜诺斯艾利斯的相对失败†

在大规模移民时代，成千上万的移民选择了阿根廷作为机会之地。意大利和西班牙这两个移民团体主导了移民潮。尽管识字能力和通用语言更高，但与布宜诺斯艾利斯的意大利人相比，西班牙人的表现更差。到1895年，意大利人的工资提高了。是什么解释了他们在布宜诺斯艾利斯市不同的道路？这项研究发现，意大利人社区利用既有的文化传统，建立了更密集，更有效的网络，以将其同胞与经济机会相匹配。尽管他们具有最初的文化，语言和教育优势，但更具个人主义色彩的西班牙人却无法跟上步伐。