This article examines the drivers of the long‐run structural transformation in Japan. It uses a dynamic input–output framework that decomposes the reallocation of the total output across sectors into two components: the demand side and the supply side, or technological change. To perform this task, we employ 13 seven‐sector input–output tables spanning 100 years (1885 to 1985). The results show that the demand‐side factors, as a combination of the Baumol and Engel effects, were the key explanatory factors in more than 60 per cent of the sector‐period cases in the pre‐Second World War period, while the supply‐side effect drove structural transformation in more than 75 per cent of such cases in the post‐Second World War period. Detailed decomposition results suggest that in most of the sectors, changes in private consumption were the dominant force behind the demand‐side explanations. The demand effect was found to be strongest in the commerce and services sector, which contributed to the rapid growth of GDP in Japan throughout the twentieth century.

中文翻译：

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鲍莫尔（Baumol），恩格尔（Engel）以及其他地区：1885年至1985年占日本结构转型的一个世纪†

本文探讨了日本长期结构转型的驱动力。它使用动态的投入产出框架，将跨部门的总产出重新分配分解为两个部分：需求方和供应方，或技术变革。为了执行此任务，我们使用了13个七扇区的投入产出表，涵盖了100年（1885年至1985年）。结果表明，在第二次世界大战前的60％以上的部门时期案例中，需求侧因素是鲍莫尔效应和恩格尔效应的结合，是关键的解释性因素，而供给在第二次世界大战后的时期，这种副作用驱使超过75％的此类案件发生结构转型。详细的分解结果表明，在大多数行业中，私人消费的变化是需求侧解释背后的主导力量。人们发现，在商业和服务业中，需求效应最为明显，这推动了整个20世纪日本GDP的快速增长。