Human capital is the set of productive knowledge, skills, and traits that individuals possess. Productive knowledge and skills are typically learned through education and work experience. Character traits matter both for the application of knowledge and skills and for their acquisition in the first place. In the past 100 years—and with enormous social consequences—the economy has transitioned to human capital being the most important resource for individual and social outcomes. Societies responded by emphasizing schooling as the means to develop this resource. In recent decades, however, researchers have discovered that human capital acquisition depends on certain character skills best developed early in life before schooling starts, typically within families. Current research and policy are investigating which combination of early life schooling and improvement in family circumstances can best help people acquire the character skills, and then human capital, needed to flourish. These changes have important implications for the social teachings of the Catholic Church, including moral insights into the distribution of resources, emphasis on the active subject in human work, and the role of civil society in promoting ideas and institutions conducive to an ideal human ecology.

中文翻译：

---

人文资本：从人力资本的转变重新审视天主教的社会教义

人力资本是个人拥有的生产知识，技能和特质的集合。生产性知识和技能通常是通过教育和工作经验来学习的。角色特质对于知识和技能的应用以及最重要的是获取都至关重要。在过去的100年中（并带来了巨大的社会后果），经济已转变为人力资本，人力资本已成为实现个人和社会成果的最重要资源。作为回应，社会强调将学校教育作为开发这种资源的手段。近几十年来，然而，研究人员发现，人力资本积累依赖于生命早期开发的某些人物技能最好的前开始上学，通常是在家庭中进行。当前的研究和政策正在调查早期生活教育和家庭状况的改善相结合，可以最有效地帮助人们获得性格发展，然后获得蓬勃发展所需的人力资本。这些变化对天主教的社会教义具有重要意义，包括对资源分配的道义见解，对人类工作中的活跃主体的重视以及民间社会在促进有利于人类理想生态的思想和机构方面的作用。