While work within many industries increasingly involves competition and cooperation with workers in other countries, we show that national labor markets have not necessarily globalized very fast. This is because the most globally intertwined industries have tended to shed workers to less globally connected industries, creating a de-globalizing, between-industry countertrend. We characterize between- and within-industry trends in three measures of labor market globalization over timespans of 16-50 years in 40-68 countries. We also clarify which policy debates each measure is most relevant to. While our results strongly support this globalization within-industries, deglobalization between-industries story, they also underscore how few empirically defensible conclusions can be drawn about trends in some dimensions of labor market globalization. The idea that nations’ labor markets have globalized dramatically in recent decades, and that this calls for economy-wide overhaul of policies and institutions, rests on rather little empirical evidence.

尽管许多行业的工作越来越涉及与其他国家工人的竞争与合作，但我们表明，国家劳动力市场并不一定很快全球化。这是因为，全球范围内最相互交织的行业倾向于将工人流向全球联系较少的行业，从而形成了一种去全球化的行业间反趋势。我们用40-68个国家的16-50年时间跨度的三种劳动力市场全球化指标来描述行业之间和行业内部的趋势。我们还阐明每种措施与哪些政策辩论最相关。尽管我们的结果强有力地支持了行业内部的这种全球化，行业间的去全球化的故事，但它们也强调了在劳动力市场全球化某些方面的趋势方面，几乎没有可以得出凭经验辩解的结论。