This study extends research on stereotypes and leadership to consider the subtle and overt behavioral responses to leaders from multiple ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, the study focuses on overt and subtle discrimination toward African American, Asian American, Middle Eastern American, and White male leaders. Results from an experiment measuring authentic reactions to leaders reveal that Asian American leaders were treated more negatively in comparison to White and Middle Eastern American leaders. Furthermore, individuating information about the leader’s competence marginally improved performance expectations of Middle Eastern American leaders compared with White and Asian leaders. However, African American leaders were treated less positively when information about competence was provided compared with when it was not. The findings suggest that the unique stereotypes of each ethnic group can affect the utility of providing individuating information about competence.

中文翻译：

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对少数民族领导人的微妙和公开的行为和能力的调节作用

本研究扩展了对刻板印象和领导力的研究，以考虑对来自不同种族背景的领导者的微妙和公开的行为反应。具体而言，该研究侧重于对非裔美国人、亚裔美国人、中东裔美国人和白人男性领导人的公开和微妙的歧视。一项测量对领导者真实反应的实验结果表明，与白人和中东美国领导人相比，亚裔美国领导人受到的对待更为消极。此外，与白人和亚洲领导人相比，关于领导人能力的个性化信息略微提高了中东美国领导人的绩效预期。然而，与不提供能力信息相比，当提供有关能力的信息时，非裔美国领导人受到的对待不太积极。