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Measuring Driver Perception: Combining Eye-Tracking and Automated Road Scene Perception
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 , DOI: 10.1177/0018720820959958
Jork Stapel 1 , Mounir El Hassnaoui 1 , Riender Happee 1
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE To investigate how well gaze behavior can indicate driver awareness of individual road users when related to the vehicle's road scene perception. BACKGROUND An appropriate method is required to identify how driver gaze reveals awareness of other road users. METHOD We developed a recognition-based method for labeling of driver situation awareness (SA) in a vehicle with road-scene perception and eye tracking. Thirteen drivers performed 91 left turns on complex urban intersections and identified images of encountered road users among distractor images. RESULTS Drivers fixated within 2° for 72.8% of relevant and 27.8% of irrelevant road users and were able to recognize 36.1% of the relevant and 19.4% of irrelevant road users one min after leaving the intersection. Gaze behavior could predict road user relevance but not the outcome of the recognition task. Unexpectedly, 18% of road users observed beyond 10° were recognized. CONCLUSIONS Despite suboptimal psychometric properties leading to low recognition rates, our recognition task could identify awareness of individual road users during left turn maneuvers. Perception occurred at gaze angles well beyond 2°, which means that fixation locations are insufficient for awareness monitoring. APPLICATION Findings can be used in driver attention and awareness modelling, and design of gaze-based driver support systems.

中文翻译:

测量驾驶员感知:结合眼动追踪和自动道路场景感知

目的 研究注视行为在与车辆的道路场景感知相关时如何能指示个人道路使用者的驾驶员意识。背景技术需要一种适当的方法来识别驾驶员注视如何揭示其他道路使用者的意识。方法 我们开发了一种基于识别的方法,用于标记具有道路场景感知和眼动追踪的车辆中的驾驶员态势感知 (SA)。13 名司机在复杂的城市十字路口左转 91 次,并在干扰图像中识别出遇到的道路使用者的图像。结果 72.8% 的相关道路使用者和 27.8% 的不相关道路使用者的驾驶员固定在 2° 以内,并且在离开交叉路口一分钟后能够识别 36.1% 的相关道路使用者和 19.4% 的不相关道路使用者。凝视行为可以预测道路使用者的相关性,但不能预测识别任务的结果。出乎意料的是,18% 观察到的超过 10° 的道路使用者被识别出来。结论 尽管次优的心理测量特性导致低识别率,我们的识别任务可以识别在左转机动期间个别道路使用者的意识。感知发生在远超过 2° 的注视角度,这意味着注视位置不足以进行意识监测。应用 研究结果可用于驾驶员注意力和意识建模,以及基于注视的驾驶员支持系统的设计。我们的识别任务可以识别左转机动期间个别道路使用者的意识。感知发生在远超过 2° 的注视角度,这意味着注视位置不足以进行意识监测。应用 研究结果可用于驾驶员注意力和意识建模,以及基于注视的驾驶员支持系统的设计。我们的识别任务可以识别左转机动期间个别道路使用者的意识。感知发生在远超过 2° 的注视角度,这意味着注视位置不足以进行意识监测。应用 研究结果可用于驾驶员注意力和意识建模,以及基于注视的驾驶员支持系统的设计。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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