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Absence of diagonal force constants in cubic Coulomb crystals
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0518
Bartholomew Andrews 1, 2 , Gareth Conduit 1
Affiliation  

The quasi-harmonic model proposes that a crystal can be modelled as atoms connected by springs. We demonstrate how this viewpoint can be misleading: a simple application of Gauss’s law shows that the ion–ion potential for a cubic Coulomb system can have no diagonal harmonic contribution and so cannot necessarily be modelled by springs. We investigate the repercussions of this observation by examining three illustrative regimes: the bare ionic, density tight-binding and density nearly-free electron models. For the bare ionic model, we demonstrate the zero elements in the force constants matrix and explain this phenomenon as a natural consequence of Poisson’s law. In the density tight-binding model, we confirm that the inclusion of localized electrons stabilizes all major crystal structures at harmonic order and we construct a phase diagram of preferred structures with respect to core and valence electron radii. In the density nearly-free electron model, we verify that the inclusion of delocalized electrons, in the form of a background jellium, is enough to counterbalance the diagonal force constants matrix from the ion–ion potential in all cases and we show that a first-order perturbation to the jellium does not have a destabilizing effect. We discuss our results in connection to Wigner crystals in condensed matter, Yukawa crystals in plasma physics, as well as the elemental solids.

中文翻译:

立方库仑晶体中没有对角力常数

准谐波模型提出可以将晶体建模为由弹簧连接的原子。我们证明了这种观点是如何产生误导的:高斯定律的简单应用表明,立方库仑系统的离子 - 离子势可以没有对角谐波贡献,因此不一定用弹簧建模。我们通过检查三个说明性机制来研究这一观察结果的影响:裸离子模型、密度紧束缚模型和密度几乎自由电子模型。对于裸离子模型,我们演示了力常数矩阵中的零元素,并将这种现象解释为泊松定律的自然结果。在密度紧束缚模型中,我们确认包含定域电子使所有主要晶体结构稳定在谐波阶次,并且我们构建了关于核心和价电子半径的优选结构的相图。在密度近乎自由电子模型中,我们验证了包含离域电子,以背景胶冻的形式,足以在所有情况下平衡来自离子-离子势的对角力常数矩阵,我们证明了第一个对果冻的 - 阶扰动没有破坏稳定的效果。我们讨论了与凝聚态中的 Wigner 晶体、等离子体物理学中的 Yukawa 晶体以及元素固体相关的结果。以背景果冻的形式,足以在所有情况下平衡离子-离子势的对角力常数矩阵,我们表明对果冻的一阶扰动不会产生不稳定效应。我们讨论了与凝聚态中的 Wigner 晶体、等离子体物理学中的 Yukawa 晶体以及元素固体相关的结果。以背景果冻的形式,足以在所有情况下平衡离子-离子势的对角力常数矩阵,我们表明对果冻的一阶扰动不会产生不稳定效应。我们讨论了与凝聚态中的 Wigner 晶体、等离子体物理学中的 Yukawa 晶体以及元素固体相关的结果。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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