Using seeds to restore natural ecosystems has a greater chance of success if the seeds used are ready to germinate given appropriate environmental conditions. For Australian native Poaceae species, seed quality and dormancy can impose constraints on restoration success. In this study, germination biology of three Australian native Poaceae species, such as Cymbopogon refractus, Capillipedium spicigerum and Bothriochloa bladhii, was investigated. The seeds were exposed to different germination-enhancing chemicals (GECs, namely smoke water (SW), potassium nitrate (KNO3) or a combination (SW + KNO3)) and treated with three different seed enhancement technologies (SETs, namely seed priming, seed coating or seed cookies) then sown into two contrasting soil types (sodosol or black vertisol). Laboratory germination percentages achieved were <50% for all species, limited by dormant seeds. Incorporating GECs together with seed priming or seed coating treatment significantly increased seedling emergence rates and promoted earlier emergence as compared to the untreated control. For C. refractus and C. spicigerum, priming and/or coating with KNO3 + SW had the highest cumulative emergence. For B. bladhii, total seedling emergence was the highest (36% in both soils) for primed seeds with KNO3. Seedling emergence from seed cookies was low in all three species (<15%). Generally, soil type did not influence emergence rates for either GEC or SET. Understanding the environmental requirements needed for seed germination, together with an appropriate pre-treatment before sowing, can speed up seedling emergence and increase total emergence when using native Poaceae species for seed-based restoration.

中文翻译：

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提高澳大利亚本土禾本科植物发芽和出苗的种子增强技术

如果使用的种子在适当的环境条件下准备好发芽，则使用种子恢复自然生态系统的成功机会更大。对于澳大利亚本土禾本科物种，种子质量和休眠可能对恢复成功施加限制。在这项研究中，三种澳大利亚本土禾本科植物的发芽生物学，如香茅,香茅和荸荠, 进行了调查。种子暴露于不同的发芽增强化学物质（GEC，即烟水（SW）、硝酸钾（KNO3) 或组合 (SW + KNO3)) 并用三种不同的种子增强技术（SET，即种子引发剂、种子包衣或种子饼干）进行处理，然后播种到两种不同的土壤类型（sodosol 或 black vertisol）中。所有物种的实验室发芽率均<50%，受休眠种子的限制。与未处理的对照相比，将 GEC 与种子引发或种子包衣处理结合显着提高了幼苗出苗率并促进了更早出苗。为了C. 折射和C. spicigerum, 底漆和/或 KNO 涂层3+ SW 的累积出现率最高。为了B. bladhii，用 KNO 引发的种子的总出苗率最高（两种土壤中的 36%）3. 在所有三个物种中，种子饼干的出苗率都很低（<15%）。一般来说，土壤类型不影响 GEC 或 SET 的出苗率。了解种子萌发所需的环境要求，以及播种前适当的预处理，在使用原生禾本科植物进行基于种子的恢复时，可以加快出苗速度并增加总出苗率。